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"2 Sheets--She'et I. J. S. GALLAHER.. Jr.

Gals` Stove. i

No. 14,233. Patented Feb. l2, 1856.

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2 'Sheets-fSheet 2. J. S. GALLAHER, Jr.

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Patented Feb. 12, 1856.,

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JNO. S. GALLAHER, JR., OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

GAS AND STEAM COOKING APPARATUS.

Specication of Letters Patent No.

To all whom t may concern: v

Be it known that I, JOHN S. GALLAHER, Jr., resident of the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented and made certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Cooking and Heating by Gas and Steam at vOne and the Same Time; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the said improvement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the ap paratus complete. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the top and bottom, and the internal arrangement of the heating tubes, and rests. Fig. 3 is the suspension girdle apparatus; Fig. 4, the ventilating and frying diaphragm vessel; Fig. 5, the top or cap covering to Fig. 4; Fig. 6, the steam chest; Fig. 7, the covering to chest; Fig. 8, the fresh or cold air supply cylinder, pumping or bellows device. Fig. 9 is the compound gas regulating pipe or tubular valve device.

The nature of my improvement consists in constructing a gas cooking apparatus as follows, viz: I construct in form of a square or box like stove; side, land end, skeleton or open, metal framingsa, a, a, a, a, a, a, a. These framings are formed with slotted openings, or Ventilating, air supplying apertures Z), b, Z), b, b, 5, Z), Z), ZJ, Z), or equivalents. A bottom plate and a top plate are used, thus forming the boX like apparatus. The top of the apparatus may be formed with any required number of openings as in an ordinary cooking stove; but they should be arranged along, or around the area, toward the edge of the top, `as at c, c, c, o, c, c, c, Figs. 1, 2. Then the center of the top plate will admit the formation of a square or other form of opening, into which is tted a cast or wrought metal boiler, (Z, d, (l, d, Figs. 1, 2. This boiler must be formed with a shoulder edge or band d1, (Z1, so as to rest on the top plate, and also to form an edge or shoulder to support the steam chest, Fig. 6, which chest may be cast metal or of sheet metal formed about 3 or 4 inches smaller in diameter than the diameter of the reservoir boiler el, d, and about half the depth of the reservoir boiler, which eX- tends about two thirds downward into the boX like apparatus as shown in Fig. 2, Z2 Z2 d2. The steam chest Fig. 6 has formed around it a recess or chamber by attaching 14,233, dated February 12, 1856.

a rim e, e, e, Figs. l, 2, which rim its closly over the top edge of the reservoir boiler el, d, d, cl. This rim e, e, e, is attached to a perforated horizontal rim f, f, f, f, to which the steam box or chest g, g, g, Fig. 6 is attached, or the whole device may be cast in one operation and of thin metal. Over the top of this steam boX or chest is used a detachable cap or covering Fig. 7. The bottom plate 7L, h, it, It, L, it, Fig. 2, is bored or perforated in its center, into which is screwed a gas supply pipe of suitable size, say from 1 to 2 inches bore. This pipe must extend upward, through the bottom plate about one to three, or four inches, as at i, Fig. 2. The end of this pipe may be perforated, with small holes, or a screw cap with jet holes may be employed, and the object of this perforated end is to supply small jets of gas to heat up the reservoir boiler by applying the heat to the bottom thereof. This pipe z', is the service or supply pipe, and communicates below the bottom plate with a horizontal pipe indicated by the double line of dots Fig. 2, and connected with another pipe J, J, J, J, which may be arranged vertically and have branch burners K K attached so as to aEord light at night when required for cooking operations.

To the service pipe z' are branches L L L L communicating' with a series of perforated tubes arranged longitudinally, transversely, and at right angles to each other as shown at m, my, m, m, m, m, m, and communicating with vert-ical connection pipes n, n, n, n, n, havingno perforations or jet escapes, but simplyv passages of communication with the horizontal tubes. The perforated tubes m, m, m, m, are arranged so as to be parallel with the ventilat-ing slots b, b, b, b, Z9, b, Fig. 1, and as more directly indicated in position, in Fig. 1, by the letters P P, and the circular ornaments, of the frame. The open spaces of the skeleton plate frame Fig. 1, have detachable, or drawer like, ovens, or baking, apartments made of sheet iron, and with permanent sides, and ends, or with hinged doors, at outside ends, as indicated by t-heiletters Q, Q Q Q Q Q Q, and as shown at Fig. 11g. These ovens or baking apartments, when in their respective places rest on cross strips or rods, instead of on the pipes and these rods, or rest, may be attached in any required manner, running from pipe to pipe, as at r, r, r, r, r, r. The ovens or baking apartments when arranged in. place within the skeleton framing, are far enough apart from each other, -to afford su'liicient intervening space so as to admit one series of the gas jets to heat the surfaces, of two separate ovens, or baking chambers. The gas jet pipe with flame may be seen at s, s, Fig. l, at which place is shown within drawn one of the baking ovens Fig. 1-.. If desired the central gas pipes, may have two or more series of jet perforations, so that the tops, and sides of the lower ovens, may be heated, as well as the bottom and sides of the upper ovens. Thus an increased amount of heat may be applied to the ovens, or baking apartments. The flow of the gas, or the volume, escaping from the orifices or apertures of the pipe may not only be regulated by the ordinary stop cock, or turn of, but in addition thereto, even when the full liow, of the supply pipe is put on, the series of pipes m, m. The jets of flame issuing from the orifices, can very readily be increased or diminished through the intervention of the central, and compound tubular valve pipe device, shown detached at Fig. 9, which device is formed, by inserting one tube neatly within another tube, having them ground, so as to fit closely yet to work smoothly, and then drilling through the circumferences of both, at one time, so that the orifices or jet vents, may be of corresponding size, and at the same intervals from each other. The outside tube is permanently aiiixed in position while the inner tube admits of being turned right and left, so that the vents or orifices of the inner pipe may be turned oli', from being opposite or communicating directly with the orifices, or jet escapes. Fig. 9, shows the inner tube partly within drawn, in order to show the compound tubular valve, or gas regulating device, and by the aid of which a portion, or the whole of the apparatus Fig. l, may be supplied by gas, and thus the heat readily graduated.

The reservoir boiler al, d, cl2, d2, as before stated may be heated by the perforated pipe z', the gas flowing through the perforations and ignited, and in addition to the application of the heat or flame underneath the bottom of the reservoir, the flames, or jets surrounding the reservoir assist also in heating the water therein required. This reservoir, for greater convenience is tapped underneath and an egress pipe inserted tightly therein, and passing downward and through the bottom plate h, L, 7L, 7L, and passing outward horizontally and having a spigot, or stop cock t, attached, by which warmor hot water can be drawn off readily. By the aid of this main, reservoir, boiler a large supply of hot water is always available.

The more to complete my gas cooking apparatus, I have formed, and connected therewith the peculiar cooking utensils, shown in the Figs. 3, 4, 6, 8, which I describe as follows, and wholly and solely adapted to, and applicable to my apparatus to render it compact, complete, and useful. Fig. 3 is an oval, form, (or other shaped) vessel, made of cast or wrought, metal, suitable for the purpose. This vessel has a bottom, and is made to lit into one of the top openings of the apparatus as shown at u, u, Fig. 1. This vessel has a spout fv, if desired. Around this vessel is formed a chamber or recess, w, w, w, fw, about half an inch, more, or less if desired. This chamber may be entirely inclosed around below, except an aperture sufficient for the attachment thereto of a' small gas pipe, communicating through the opening C3, C3, and connected with the jet pipes m4, m4, Fig. 2. The interior circumference of the vessel Fig. 3, has a line, or course of minute orifices or perforations about midway of the height of the rim chamber, lV, W, as shown at X. VVit-hin this perforated vessel Fig. 3, is arranged what T term a suspension griddle, formed in shape to suit the shape of the vessel and with suspension handles y, y, long enough to suspend the griddle about two or three inches below the perforations indicated by X. This griddle may be made double; that is, two griddle frames may be put together, one upon the other leaving sufficient space between them to admit the article to be broiled. If the griddle be used in this form, they must then have pivot ends, which must work into holes formed in the handles y, y. This double form of griddle, then will admit of being turned over, or be reversed on the pivots, so as readily to present both sides, alternately of the article to be broiled avoiding the necessity of changing directly, or turning by direct aid of the hand the article to be broiled. The single griddle shown in Fig. 3, is formed with the suspension handles y, y, and in using this form of single griddle the article to be broiled must be turned directly by a fork used in the hand, and the Ventilating rimmed pan Fig. 4, will then have to be lifted ofi' and on as required. Fig. 5, is a top or cap covering fitting onto Fig. 4.

Now the operation of this combination cooking vessel, or utensil is as follows: If a broiled article be required, the article is deposited on the griddle, and the jets of gas, issuing through the minute orifices X are ignited, the perforated, Ventilating diaphragm pan Fig. 4, is set on, or over the vessel Fig. 3, and this keeps the heat of the gas jets from escaping, and instead, throws the heat downward, as the jets of flame are over the cooking article. Thus a complete and real broiling is brought about, without destroying the juices of the flesh or article to be broiled, and by this peculiar and novel application of refracted flame, and reflected heat, no unpleasant taste or odor is imparted to the article broiled, and all the juices or essence of whatever is broiled, are received in a perfectly pure condition wit-hin the space of the vessel u, u beneath the griddle.

If desired a small connection pipe may communicate with the boiler reservoir (Z1, (Z1, as at e, Fig. 1, and a small supply of steam vapor introduced to inoisten the broiling article and to increase the supply, or quantity of juice, or essence. Again too the double and novel operation of vbroiling, and frying can be most. readily brought about by one llame, and utensil, at one and the same time by placing the article to be fried upon the bottom of the pan Fig'. 4, which bottom is heated by the same jets of flame employed in the process of broiling. When this double operation of broiling and frying is desired the devices Figs. 3, 4, 5, are all combined together.

It may be well enough to remark, that heretofore, iii all of the processes or systems of broiling flesh, &c., &c., the flame, or heat has been applied beneath the article, to be broiled, thus the juices thereof must invariably be consumed, or escape, and besides, the flame, or coals of a lire come in direct contact with the article, and unavoidably affect the taste thereof, and more especially where, iron rods, or corrugated. metal mediums are used as in several systems of cooking devices, a pure, or real broiling principle can not take place, but instead, a frying action is the inevitable consequence, of corrugated griddle mediums.

The operation of the vessel represented in Fig. 6 is as follows: wWhen any article desired is to be boiled, instead of depositing it into a vessel or receptacle, containing boiling water. The steaming chest is used, shown in Fig. G, and the construction of which has herein before been described. Having heated up the reservoir boiler d, d, (Z, cl2, cl2, d2, the chest Fig. (3, is placed within the boiler. The chest may have bars, rods, or hooks arranged within it, if desired, and the article to be cooked is placed within, resting upon, or suspended from the bars, or hooks. The top or covering Fig. 7, is then placed over the chest, in which event, the steam, or hot vapor enters upward through the perforations or vents indicated by the small circles, and then issues within the chest, which amount of steam, together with the heating action of the boiling' water in the reservoir boiler, mest e'dectually and with great regularity cooks the article, desired, and the juice or essence thrown olf, is increased, in volume or quantity and not absorbed or incorporated, or mingled with the Water, as is usually consequent in all other systems, or modes of boiling. 1t is a well known fact, that steam is much more penetrating or searching than boiling water, in bulk or volume, and consequently, more -forined around the interior circumference thereof, near the top edge.

Through the aid of my improvements, a varied and multiplied process of cooking may be brought about at one and the same time by the aid of gas, as a cooking medium, and with the least possible trouble and expense, and divested entirely of all the uncleanly operations incident in the use of wood and coal as agents of fuel for cooking purposes.

The ovens, or baking compartments being made of sheet metal are very readily heated up, and various degrees, or forms of baking, roasting stevving, toasting, Sec., can be attained most readily through the agency and action of my improvements. The detachable ovens, or baking chambers, represented by the letters Q, (7, Fig. 1 and as detached in Fig. L1A, may if desired have gratings, or shelves, or pans arranged within them, for baking pies, cakes, confections, and other articles, and if required, the side ovens g5, ([5, may have small pipes communicating with the reservoir boiler (Z1, (Z1 Figs. 1, 2, so that in stewing any article of food, it may be slightly steamed to prevent the drying up or absorption of the natural property or principle thereof.

W hen itl is desired, to bake bread, pies, tarts, rolls, biscuit, cake and other articles, without scorching or crisping lthe surface, thereof, the apparatus shown in Fig. 8 is employed, and which is constructed, or formed of a sheet iron cylinder 10, 10, shown in section Fig.' S, having a top 11, 11, and a diaphragm or partition, 12, 12,12, 12, and a bottom part 13, 13. To the top part 11, 11, is attached a bellows device or an air pump, 14, 14, having valves 14, 14. This bellows is connected to the top, in the center thereof, and immediately over an opening in the top, in which is inserted a suitable and corresponding size pipe, passing vertically downward as indicated by 1G, and the dotted lines. This pipe extends no farther down, than merely through the lower surface of the diaphragm, or partition 12 12, 12 12, both ends of this pipe are open; the diaphragm 12 12, 12 12, has two valves, opening from below. These valves indicated by the dots, are formed each side of the vertical pipe 1G. Through the center of the bottom 13, 13, is a small gas pipe 17, attached to a horizontal tube 18 18, formed with perforations, for the flow of small jet flames of gas, as seen in the sectional Fig. 8. Around the vertical pipe 16, is a loose roll or coil of sheet iron 19, 19, 19, 19, 19. This coiled sheet, rests on the diaphragm, or partition 12, 12, 12, 12, and extends upward in extent to within 8 or 10 inches of the top 11, 11. Horizontally rest-ing on the top edges of the coil, on opposite sides of the pipe 16, are arranged tubes 20, 20, both ends of which are open. The application of this device or apparatus is as follows: The two center ovens or baking compartments 9, 21, and Fig. l-, must be detached, and the cylinder Fig. 8, introduced within the circular, top opening C, 22, Figs. 1, 2, and the tubes 20, 20, may communicate with the interior of the two upper baking ovens 9, 23, 9, 23, Fig. 1. rlhe operation of this cylindrical apparatus or bellows device, is as follows and the duty or office it performs, is a most important one. When any7 article to be baked, is introduced, into the ovens 9, 23, 9, 23, and the heat applied surrounding them, and in order to bake a white crust or surface during the operation of baking, fresh, cold air, is pumped in by aid of the bellows, through the air pipe 16, and the volume of cold air Hows downward through the pipe, into the heating chamber containing the jet tube 1S, 18, and being heated., next passes upward through the valves 24., 2l, circulates around the coil, and forces its way through the tubes 20, 20, and enters the baking ovens 9, 23-9, 23. Though the cold volume of air becomes heated, by the gas flames 18, 1S, yet it is the repeated introduction of a fresh supply, together with the agitation of the volume of hot air in the ovens, that prevent the sudden, drying or parching up of the crust, or surface, of whatever article may be contained in the ovens, for if the heat of the ovens be too great, all the moisture, of the article will be absorbed, owing to the rapid action of-thc hot air contained in the ovens. Consequently the repeated supplying or pumping into the ovens of fresh air, eifectually prevents the hard, dry baking, or incrustation invariably consequent, more or less, in the. ordinary system of baking articles of food. The use of the coiled sheet 19, 19, 19, 19, is to divide the volume of air, and diiiuse it in small currents, as it ascends upward through the valves 24, 2li, in the direction of the arrows. The outward ends of the tubes 20, 20, may have spring caps as valves, so as to produce a kind of intermittent supply into the ovens instead of a continued current of air.

The openings C, C, C, C, on the top of the apparatus may have any v suitably shaped, corresponding vessels, such as boil,- ers, pans, griddles, Szc., as in the use of ordinary cooking stoves, and the ovens or baking apartments arranged with, spit-s, rods, sliding pans, and other desired devices found requisite in the culinary art.

For ordinary domestic purposes, my cooking apparatus, need not be large or cum- My improved cooking apparatus, may be V constructed in shape of a square boX like stove as in Fig. 1, or in any form, desired and mounted on ordinary stove legs, or inserted in recesses, in the manner of inserting cooking ranges.

I am well aware that jets of gas, intro' duced through globular, and tubular dcvices have been employed in application to cooking stoves, and combination griddles, and gridirons, as well as the application ofcurrents of steam in cooking utensils, but the primary principles, of cooking by gas, and steam, in the manner heretofore well know-n, I entirely disclaim, but- VVhat l do allege original with myself and solely of my own invention, and which l desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows:

1. I claim the construction of a gas cooking apparatus, formed of skeleton frame plates, a, c, a', a, having Ventilating slots or equivalents, o, b, Z1, o, b, o, Z2, Z), 72, o, and the arrangement therewith of series of longitudinal and transverse jet tubes or pipes, in tiers, as in Fig. 2, m, m, m, m, m, together with the compound tubular valve pipes Fig. 9, and the combination of the above devices, with detachable drawer-like ovens, or baling apartments, 9, 9, 9, 9, 5, 9, 21, and Fig. 1.1-, substantially as set forth.

2. l claim the construction of the central reservoir boiler (Z1, (Z1, (Z2, (Z2, and the steam boiler, chest device, c, @,f, f, y, f, g, g, g,

Fig. G, as described, and in application andv use as set forth.

3. I claim the compound suspension griddle device Fig. 3, and the ventilating diaphragm vessel Figs. 4, and 5, substantially as described, and as used for the purposes set forth.

il. l claim the air supply bellows or pump device Fig. 8, and the application and use of the saine, as described, and for the purpose set forth.

JOI-IN S. GALLAHER, JR.

lVitnesses JOHN W. SMITH, En. A. GALLAHER. 

